Introduction
Male infertility is a complex medical condition that contributes to nearly half of infertility cases worldwide. Andrology provides the diagnostic framework and treatment pathways necessary to evaluate and manage male reproductive failure effectively.
Etiological Factors
Male infertility can arise from hormonal dysregulation, impaired spermatogenesis, genetic abnormalities, testicular damage, infections, anatomical obstructions, or environmental exposure. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, chronic stress, and toxin exposure also significantly impair fertility potential.
Diagnostic Process
A comprehensive andrological evaluation includes medical history, physical examination, semen analysis, hormonal profiling, and imaging studies. Advanced diagnostics, such as genetic testing or testicular biopsy, may be required in severe or unexplained cases.
Therapeutic Approaches
Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include hormonal therapy, erotic therapy, surgical correction, assisted reproductive technologies, or lifestyle modification. The goal of treatment is not only conception but also long-term reproductive health.
Conclusion
Andrology plays a central role in diagnosing and treating male infertility. Through individualized and evidence-based care, andrological practice significantly improves reproductive outcomes and patient quality of life.